{"id":11815,"date":"2022-07-22T16:02:45","date_gmt":"2022-07-22T16:02:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rmff.org\/?p=11815"},"modified":"2022-12-14T11:23:10","modified_gmt":"2022-12-14T16:23:10","slug":"why-lowering-nicotine-in-cigarettes-could-help-save-hoosier-lives","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/old.rmff.wrhosting.net\/pt\/2022\/07\/why-lowering-nicotine-in-cigarettes-could-help-save-hoosier-lives\/","title":{"rendered":"Por que reduzir a nicotina nos cigarros pode ajudar a salvar vidas de Hoosier"},"content":{"rendered":"
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A Administra\u00e7\u00e3o de Alimentos e Medicamentos dos EUA (FDA) recentemente anunciado<\/a> planeja reduzir a quantidade de nicotina nos cigarros. A ag\u00eancia elogiou a regra proposta como uma mudan\u00e7a que ajudar\u00e1 a salvar vidas ao reduzir as taxas de tabagismo entre jovens e adultos.   <\/p>\n<\/section>\n\n

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O que levanta a quest\u00e3o: vai funcionar?  <\/p>\n<\/section>\n\n

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A resposta \u00e9 complexa, mas os primeiros estudos mostram que h\u00e1 motivos para otimismo.  <\/p>\n<\/section>\n\n

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Os cr\u00edticos da regra proposta, incluindo um membro do Jornal de Wall Street<\/em>conselho editorial que escreveu um coluna c\u00e9tica<\/a> sobre isso no in\u00edcio deste m\u00eas, argumentam que menos nicotina nos cigarros apenas far\u00e1 com que os fumantes atuais fumem mais cigarros para conseguirem sua dose. O WSJ <\/em>A coluna argumenta ainda que a nicotina, embora altamente viciante, n\u00e3o \u00e9 o problema: os cigarros que a cont\u00eam s\u00e3o os que causam o c\u00e2ncer.   <\/p>\n<\/section>\n\n

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Os defensores da mudan\u00e7a \u2013 incluindo a FDA \u2013 dizem que, ao reduzir a quantidade de nicotina nos cigarros e outros produtos de tabaco queimados, estes tornam-se menos viciantes. Isso, por sua vez, torna mais f\u00e1cil parar de fumar para os adultos que j\u00e1 s\u00e3o fumantes e menos tentador para os jovens. Este \u00faltimo ponto \u00e9 cr\u00edtico porque 87%<\/a> dos fumantes adultos come\u00e7am antes dos 18 anos. <\/p>\n<\/section>\n\n

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A realidade pode ser que tanto as previs\u00f5es dos cr\u00edticos como as projec\u00e7\u00f5es dos proponentes se revelem verdadeiras at\u00e9 certo ponto.  <\/p>\n<\/section>\n\n

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A redu\u00e7\u00e3o da quantidade de nicotina nos cigarros pode levar alguns fumadores actuais a fumar mais \u2013 pelo menos a curto prazo. Mas se e em que medida isso se concretizar\u00e1 \u00e9 uma quest\u00e3o emp\u00edrica, pois depender\u00e1 de muitos factores, incluindo a procura de nicotina por parte das pessoas, a procura de cigarros em rela\u00e7\u00e3o aos substitutos, as restri\u00e7\u00f5es or\u00e7amentais e a disponibilidade para pagar.  <\/p>\n<\/section>\n\n

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Existem algumas evid\u00eancias de que a redu\u00e7\u00e3o da nicotina nos cigarros pode ajudar a reduzir o tabagismo. Uma s\u00e9rie de ensaios cl\u00ednicos randomizados descobriu que a redu\u00e7\u00e3o da quantidade de nicotina nos cigarros pode ajudar as pessoas a parar de fumar<\/a> e reduzir a quantidade de pessoas que fumam<\/a> \u2013  mesmo para pessoas que n\u00e3o t\u00eam interesse em desistir<\/a>.  <\/p>\n<\/section>\n\n

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Al\u00e9m disso, um relat\u00f3rio de 2018 estudar<\/a> publicado no Jornal de Medicina da Nova Inglaterra <\/em>projeta que se os n\u00edveis de nicotina nos cigarros fossem reduzidos, at\u00e9 o ano 2060, a taxa de tabagismo seria de cerca de 1,4% (em compara\u00e7\u00e3o com o atual 15.5%<\/a>) e 2,8 milh\u00f5es de vidas seriam salvas devido \u00e0 redu\u00e7\u00e3o das doen\u00e7as relacionadas com o tabaco.  <\/p>\n<\/section>\n\n

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\u00c9 importante ressalvar este optimismo com o facto de, no estudo de 2018, as projec\u00e7\u00f5es se basearem apenas nas estimativas de oito especialistas sobre o que aconteceria no \u00e2mbito da proposta pol\u00edtica. Mesmo assim, o estudo \u00e9 encorajador. <\/p>\n<\/section>\n\n

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O argumento mais forte para a medida da FDA \u00e9 que ela impedir\u00e1 que as crian\u00e7as se tornem fumantes. Se reduzirmos suficientemente a nicotina nos cigarros, diz o argumento, as crian\u00e7as nunca ficar\u00e3o viciadas. Os impactos te\u00f3ricos s\u00e3o mais certos para este grupo do que para os fumadores actuais: ser\u00e1 menos prov\u00e1vel que se tornem viciados em cigarros, embora possam recorrer a outros dispositivos de distribui\u00e7\u00e3o de nicotina, como os cigarros electr\u00f3nicos. <\/p>\n<\/section>\n\n

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S\u00f3 o tempo dir\u00e1 quanto e quando a redu\u00e7\u00e3o proposta nos n\u00edveis de nicotina dos cigarros ter\u00e1 resultados. Mas dada a extens\u00e3o da epidemia de tabagismo nos EUA, vale a pena dar um passo. O tabagismo continua a ser a principal causa de morte evit\u00e1vel nos EUA e em Indiana, mais de 11.000<\/a> Hoosiers morrem por fumar todos os anos. Se a regra proposta fizer uma pequena redu\u00e7\u00e3o na taxa de tabagismo \u2013 como \u00e9 prov\u00e1vel que aconte\u00e7a, no m\u00ednimo \u2013 ser\u00e1 um grande passo para salvar vidas.  <\/p>\n<\/section>\n\n

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Este blog foi escrito pela Dra. Emilyn Whitesell, Diretora S\u00eanior de Aprendizagem e Avalia\u00e7\u00e3o da Funda\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/section>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A redu\u00e7\u00e3o da quantidade de nicotina nos cigarros pode levar alguns fumadores actuais a fumar mais \u2013 pelo menos a curto prazo. Mas tamb\u00e9m h\u00e1 evid\u00eancias de que a redu\u00e7\u00e3o da nicotina nos cigarros pode ajudar a reduzir o tabagismo. <\/p>","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":11820,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[108,83,84,86],"class_list":["post-11815","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-health","tag-limit-on-nicotine","tag-richard-m-fairbanks-foundation","tag-rmff","tag-tobacco-use"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nWhy Lowering Nicotine in Cigarettes Could Help Save Hoosier Lives - Richard M. 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