{"id":11815,"date":"2022-07-22T16:02:45","date_gmt":"2022-07-22T16:02:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rmff.org\/?p=11815"},"modified":"2022-12-14T11:23:10","modified_gmt":"2022-12-14T16:23:10","slug":"why-lowering-nicotine-in-cigarettes-could-help-save-hoosier-lives","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/old.rmff.wrhosting.net\/pl\/2022\/07\/why-lowering-nicotine-in-cigarettes-could-help-save-hoosier-lives\/","title":{"rendered":"Dlaczego obni\u017cenie poziomu nikotyny w papierosach mo\u017ce pom\u00f3c ocali\u0107 \u017cycie Hoosiera"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Niedawno ameryka\u0144ska Agencja ds. \u017bywno\u015bci i Lek\u00f3w (FDA). og\u0142oszony<\/a> planuje zmniejszy\u0107 ilo\u015b\u0107 nikotyny w papierosach. Agencja zachwala\u0142a proponowan\u0105 zasad\u0119 jako zmian\u0119, kt\u00f3ra pomo\u017ce ratowa\u0107 \u017cycie poprzez zmniejszenie wska\u017anik\u00f3w palenia w\u015br\u00f3d m\u0142odzie\u017cy i doros\u0142ych.   <\/p>\n<\/section>\n\n

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Nasuwa si\u0119 pytanie, czy to zadzia\u0142a?  <\/p>\n<\/section>\n\n

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Odpowied\u017a jest z\u0142o\u017cona, ale wczesne badania pokazuj\u0105, \u017ce istniej\u0105 powody do optymizmu.  <\/p>\n<\/section>\n\n

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Krytycy proponowanej zasady, m.in. cz\u0142onek dziennik "Wall Street<\/em>redakcja, kt\u00f3ra napisa\u0142a m.in sceptyczna kolumna<\/a> o tym na pocz\u0105tku tego miesi\u0105ca, argumentuj\u0105, \u017ce mniejsza ilo\u015b\u0107 nikotyny w papierosach spowoduje jedynie, \u017ce obecni palacze b\u0119d\u0105 wypala\u0107 wi\u0119cej papieros\u00f3w, aby uzyska\u0107 ulg\u0119. The WSJ <\/em>kolumna dalej dowodzi, \u017ce nikotyna, cho\u0107 silnie uzale\u017cniaj\u0105ca, nie stanowi problemu: to papierosy, kt\u00f3re j\u0105 zawieraj\u0105, powoduj\u0105 raka.   <\/p>\n<\/section>\n\n

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Zwolennicy zmiany \u2013 w tym FDA \u2013 twierdz\u0105, \u017ce zmniejszaj\u0105c ilo\u015b\u0107 nikotyny w papierosach i innych spalanych wyrobach tytoniowych, staj\u0105 si\u0119 one mniej uzale\u017cniaj\u0105ce. To z kolei sprawia, \u017ce \u0142atwiej jest rzuci\u0107 palenie doros\u0142ym, kt\u00f3rzy ju\u017c pal\u0105, i mniej kusz\u0105ce dla m\u0142odych ludzi. Ten ostatni punkt jest krytyczny, poniewa\u017c 87%<\/a> doros\u0142ych palaczy zaczyna pali\u0107 przed 18. rokiem \u017cycia. <\/p>\n<\/section>\n\n

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Rzeczywisto\u015b\u0107 mo\u017ce by\u0107 taka, \u017ce zar\u00f3wno przewidywania krytyk\u00f3w, jak i przewidywania zwolennik\u00f3w oka\u017c\u0105 si\u0119 w pewnym stopniu prawdziwe.  <\/p>\n<\/section>\n\n

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Zmniejszenie ilo\u015bci nikotyny w papierosach mo\u017ce sk\u0142oni\u0107 niekt\u00f3rych obecnych palaczy do wi\u0119kszego palenia \u2013 przynajmniej na kr\u00f3tk\u0105 met\u0119. Jednak to, czy i w jakim stopniu tak si\u0119 stanie, jest kwesti\u0105 empiryczn\u0105, poniewa\u017c b\u0119dzie zale\u017ce\u0107 od wielu czynnik\u00f3w, w tym zapotrzebowania ludzi na nikotyn\u0119, popytu na papierosy w por\u00f3wnaniu z substytutami, ogranicze\u0144 bud\u017cetowych i ch\u0119ci p\u0142acenia.  <\/p>\n<\/section>\n\n

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Istniej\u0105 dowody na to, \u017ce ograniczenie nikotyny w papierosach mo\u017ce pom\u00f3c w ograniczeniu palenia. Seria randomizowanych, kontrolowanych bada\u0144 wykaza\u0142a, \u017ce zmniejszenie ilo\u015bci nikotyny w papierosach mo\u017ce pom\u00f3c pom\u00f3c ludziom rzuci\u0107 palenie<\/a> I zmniejszy\u0107 ilo\u015b\u0107 dymu, jaki ludzie pal\u0105<\/a> \u2013  nawet dla os\u00f3b, kt\u00f3re nie s\u0105 zainteresowane rzuceniem palenia<\/a>.  <\/p>\n<\/section>\n\n

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Dodatkowo w 2018 r badanie<\/a> opublikowane w New England Journal of Medicine <\/em>projekty, \u017ce je\u015bli zmniejszy si\u0119 poziom nikotyny w papierosach, do roku 2060 wska\u017anik palenia wyniesie oko\u0142o 1,4% (w por\u00f3wnaniu do aktualny 15,5%<\/a>), a dzi\u0119ki zmniejszeniu liczby chor\u00f3b odtytoniowych uda\u0142oby si\u0119 uratowa\u0107 2,8 mln istnie\u0144 ludzkich.  <\/p>\n<\/section>\n\n

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Nale\u017cy powstrzyma\u0107 ten optymizm od faktu, \u017ce w badaniu z 2018 r. prognozy opiera\u0142y si\u0119 na szacunkach zaledwie o\u015bmiu ekspert\u00f3w dotycz\u0105cych tego, co stanie si\u0119 w ramach propozycji polityki. Niemniej jednak badanie jest zach\u0119caj\u0105ce. <\/p>\n<\/section>\n\n

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Najsilniejszym argumentem przemawiaj\u0105cym za posuni\u0119ciem FDA jest to, \u017ce zapobiegnie ono paleniu dzieci. Argument g\u0142osi, \u017ce je\u015bli wystarczaj\u0105co ograniczymy nikotyn\u0119 w papierosach, dzieci nigdy si\u0119 nie uzale\u017cni\u0105. Teoretyczne skutki s\u0105 bardziej pewne w przypadku tej grupy ni\u017c w przypadku obecnych palaczy: prawdopodobie\u0144stwo uzale\u017cnienia si\u0119 od papieros\u00f3w b\u0119dzie mniejsze, chocia\u017c mog\u0105 si\u0119gn\u0105\u0107 po inne urz\u0105dzenia dostarczaj\u0105ce nikotyn\u0119, takie jak e-papierosy. <\/p>\n<\/section>\n\n

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Czas poka\u017ce, jak bardzo i kiedy proponowane zmniejszenie poziomu nikotyny w papierosach si\u0119 op\u0142aci. Bior\u0105c jednak pod uwag\u0119 skal\u0119 epidemii palenia tytoniu w USA, warto podj\u0105\u0107 ten krok. Palenie pozostaje g\u0142\u00f3wn\u0105 przyczyn\u0105 zgon\u00f3w, kt\u00f3rym mo\u017cna zapobiec w USA, a w stanie Indiana ponad 11 tys<\/a> Hoosiers umieraj\u0105 z powodu palenia ka\u017cdego roku. Je\u015bli proponowana zasada spowoduje cho\u0107by niewielki spadek wska\u017anika palenia \u2013 co przynajmniej jest prawdopodobne \u2013 w du\u017cym stopniu przyczyni si\u0119 to do ratowania \u017cycia.  <\/p>\n<\/section>\n\n

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Blog ten zosta\u0142 napisany przez dr Emilyn Whitesell, starsz\u0105 dyrektor ds. uczenia si\u0119 i oceny w Fundacji.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/section>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Zmniejszenie ilo\u015bci nikotyny w papierosach mo\u017ce sk\u0142oni\u0107 niekt\u00f3rych obecnych palaczy do wi\u0119kszego palenia \u2013 przynajmniej na kr\u00f3tk\u0105 met\u0119. Istniej\u0105 jednak r\u00f3wnie\u017c dowody na to, \u017ce ograniczenie nikotyny w papierosach mo\u017ce pom\u00f3c w ograniczeniu palenia. <\/p>","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":11820,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[108,83,84,86],"class_list":["post-11815","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-health","tag-limit-on-nicotine","tag-richard-m-fairbanks-foundation","tag-rmff","tag-tobacco-use"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nWhy Lowering Nicotine in Cigarettes Could Help Save Hoosier Lives - Richard M. 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