{"id":11815,"date":"2022-07-22T16:02:45","date_gmt":"2022-07-22T16:02:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rmff.org\/?p=11815"},"modified":"2022-12-14T11:23:10","modified_gmt":"2022-12-14T16:23:10","slug":"why-lowering-nicotine-in-cigarettes-could-help-save-hoosier-lives","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/old.rmff.wrhosting.net\/ms\/2022\/07\/why-lowering-nicotine-in-cigarettes-could-help-save-hoosier-lives\/","title":{"rendered":"Mengapa Mengurangkan Nikotin dalam Rokok Boleh Membantu Menyelamatkan Nyawa Hoosier"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Pentadbiran Makanan dan Dadah AS (FDA) baru-baru ini diumumkan<\/a> merancang untuk mengurangkan jumlah nikotin dalam rokok. Agensi itu menggembar-gemburkan peraturan yang dicadangkan itu sebagai perubahan yang akan membantu menyelamatkan nyawa dengan mengurangkan kadar merokok dalam kalangan belia dan dewasa.   <\/p>\n<\/section>\n\n

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Yang menimbulkan persoalan, adakah ia akan berkesan?  <\/p>\n<\/section>\n\n

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Jawapannya rumit, tetapi kajian awal menunjukkan ada sebab untuk optimis.  <\/p>\n<\/section>\n\n

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Pengkritik peraturan yang dicadangkan, termasuk ahli jurnal dinding jalan<\/em>lembaga editorial yang menulis a lajur skeptikal<\/a> Mengenai perkara itu pada awal bulan ini, pertikaikan bahawa kurang nikotin dalam rokok hanya akan menyebabkan perokok semasa menghisap lebih banyak rokok untuk menyelesaikan masalah mereka. The WSJ <\/em>column selanjutnya berhujah bahawa nikotin, walaupun sangat ketagihan, bukanlah masalahnya: rokok yang membawanya adalah punca kanser.   <\/p>\n<\/section>\n\n

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Penyokong perubahan itu - termasuk FDA - mengatakan bahawa dengan mengurangkan jumlah nikotin dalam rokok dan produk tembakau terbakar lain, mereka menjadi kurang ketagihan. Itu, seterusnya, menjadikan mereka lebih mudah untuk berhenti untuk orang dewasa yang sudah menjadi perokok, dan kurang menggoda untuk orang muda. Perkara terakhir adalah kritikal kerana 87%<\/a> perokok dewasa bermula sebelum umur 18 tahun. <\/p>\n<\/section>\n\n

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Realitinya mungkin kedua-dua ramalan pengkritik dan unjuran penyokong ternyata benar pada tahap tertentu.  <\/p>\n<\/section>\n\n

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Mengurangkan jumlah nikotin dalam rokok boleh menyebabkan sesetengah perokok semasa merokok lebih banyak - sekurang-kurangnya dalam jangka pendek. Tetapi sama ada dan sejauh mana perkara ini berlaku adalah persoalan empirikal, kerana ia bergantung kepada banyak faktor, termasuk permintaan orang ramai untuk nikotin, permintaan untuk rokok berbanding pengganti, kekangan belanjawan dan kesanggupan membayar.  <\/p>\n<\/section>\n\n

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Terdapat beberapa bukti bahawa mengurangkan nikotin dalam rokok boleh membantu mengurangkan merokok. Satu siri ujian terkawal rawak telah mendapati bahawa mengurangkan jumlah nikotin dalam rokok boleh membantu orang ramai berhenti merokok<\/a> dan mengurangkan jumlah orang merokok<\/a> \u2013  walaupun untuk orang yang tidak berminat untuk berhenti<\/a>.  <\/p>\n<\/section>\n\n

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Selain itu, 2018 belajar<\/a> diterbitkan dalam Jurnal Perubatan New England <\/em>mengunjurkan bahawa jika paras nikotin dalam rokok dikurangkan, menjelang tahun 2060, kadar merokok akan menjadi kira-kira 1.4% (berbanding dengan semasa 15.5%<\/a>) dan 2.8 juta nyawa akan diselamatkan kerana pengurangan penyakit berkaitan tembakau.  <\/p>\n<\/section>\n\n

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Adalah penting untuk mengehadkan keyakinan ini dengan fakta bahawa dalam kajian 2018, unjuran adalah berdasarkan hanya lapan anggaran pakar tentang perkara yang akan berlaku di bawah cadangan dasar itu. Walau bagaimanapun, kajian ini menggalakkan. <\/p>\n<\/section>\n\n

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Hujah yang paling kuat untuk langkah FDA ialah ia akan menghalang kanak-kanak daripada menjadi perokok. Jika kita mengurangkan nikotin dalam rokok dengan cukup, hujahnya berkata, kanak-kanak tidak akan pernah ketagih pada mulanya. Kesan teori adalah lebih pasti untuk kumpulan ini berbanding perokok semasa: mereka akan kurang berkemungkinan menjadi ketagih pada rokok, walaupun mereka mungkin beralih kepada peranti penghantaran nikotin lain, seperti e-rokok. <\/p>\n<\/section>\n\n

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Hanya masa yang akan menentukan berapa banyak, dan bila, cadangan pengurangan paras nikotin rokok akan membuahkan hasil. Tetapi memandangkan skop wabak merokok AS, ia adalah satu langkah yang patut diambil. Merokok kekal sebagai punca utama kematian yang boleh dicegah di AS, dan di Indiana, lebih daripada 11,000<\/a> Hoosiers mati akibat merokok setiap tahun. Sekiranya peraturan yang dicadangkan menyebabkan kadar merokok sedikit pun berkurangan - seperti yang mungkin berlaku, sekurang-kurangnya - ia akan membantu menyelamatkan nyawa.  <\/p>\n<\/section>\n\n

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Blog ini ditulis oleh Dr. Emilyn Whitesell, Pengarah Kanan Pembelajaran & Penilaian untuk Yayasan.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/section>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mengurangkan jumlah nikotin dalam rokok boleh menyebabkan sesetengah perokok semasa merokok lebih banyak - sekurang-kurangnya dalam jangka pendek. Tetapi terdapat juga bukti bahawa mengurangkan nikotin dalam rokok boleh membantu mengurangkan merokok. <\/p>","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":11820,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[108,83,84,86],"class_list":["post-11815","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-health","tag-limit-on-nicotine","tag-richard-m-fairbanks-foundation","tag-rmff","tag-tobacco-use"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nWhy Lowering Nicotine in Cigarettes Could Help Save Hoosier Lives - Richard M. 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