{"id":11815,"date":"2022-07-22T16:02:45","date_gmt":"2022-07-22T16:02:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rmff.org\/?p=11815"},"modified":"2022-12-14T11:23:10","modified_gmt":"2022-12-14T16:23:10","slug":"why-lowering-nicotine-in-cigarettes-could-help-save-hoosier-lives","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/old.rmff.wrhosting.net\/fr\/2022\/07\/why-lowering-nicotine-in-cigarettes-could-help-save-hoosier-lives\/","title":{"rendered":"Pourquoi r\u00e9duire la nicotine dans les cigarettes pourrait aider \u00e0 sauver des vies plus difficiles"},"content":{"rendered":"
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La Food and Drug Administration (FDA) des \u00c9tats-Unis a r\u00e9cemment annonc\u00e9<\/a> pr\u00e9voit de r\u00e9duire la quantit\u00e9 de nicotine dans les cigarettes. L'agence a pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 la r\u00e8gle propos\u00e9e comme un changement qui contribuera \u00e0 sauver des vies en r\u00e9duisant les taux de tabagisme chez les jeunes et les adultes.   <\/p>\n<\/section>\n\n

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Ce qui soul\u00e8ve la question : est-ce que \u00e7a marchera ?  <\/p>\n<\/section>\n\n

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La r\u00e9ponse est complexe, mais les premi\u00e8res \u00e9tudes montrent qu\u2019il y a des raisons d\u2019\u00eatre optimiste.  <\/p>\n<\/section>\n\n

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Les critiques de la r\u00e8gle propos\u00e9e, dont un membre du le journal Wall Street<\/em>le comit\u00e9 de r\u00e9daction de qui a \u00e9crit un colonne sceptique<\/a> \u00e0 ce sujet plus t\u00f4t ce mois-ci, ils affirment que moins de nicotine dans les cigarettes ne fera qu'inciter les fumeurs actuels \u00e0 fumer davantage de cigarettes pour obtenir leur dose. Le WSJ <\/em>La colonne soutient en outre que la nicotine, bien que hautement addictive, n'est pas le probl\u00e8me : les cigarettes qui en contiennent sont \u00e0 l'origine du cancer.   <\/p>\n<\/section>\n\n

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Les partisans du changement \u2013 y compris la FDA \u2013 affirment qu'en r\u00e9duisant la quantit\u00e9 de nicotine dans les cigarettes et autres produits du tabac br\u00fbl\u00e9s, ils cr\u00e9ent moins de d\u00e9pendance. Cela rend l\u2019arr\u00eat du tabac plus facile pour les adultes d\u00e9j\u00e0 fumeurs et moins tentant pour les jeunes. Ce dernier point est crucial car 87%<\/a> des fumeurs adultes commencent avant 18 ans. <\/p>\n<\/section>\n\n

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La r\u00e9alit\u00e9 est peut-\u00eatre que les pr\u00e9dictions des critiques et les projections des partisans se r\u00e9v\u00e8lent vraies dans une certaine mesure.  <\/p>\n<\/section>\n\n

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R\u00e9duire la quantit\u00e9 de nicotine dans les cigarettes pourrait amener certains fumeurs actuels \u00e0 fumer davantage, du moins \u00e0 court terme. Mais la question de savoir si et dans quelle mesure cela se r\u00e9alisera est une question empirique, car cela d\u00e9pendra de nombreux facteurs, notamment la demande de nicotine des gens, la demande de cigarettes par rapport aux substituts, les contraintes budg\u00e9taires et la volont\u00e9 de payer.  <\/p>\n<\/section>\n\n

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Il existe des preuves selon lesquelles la r\u00e9duction de la nicotine dans les cigarettes peut contribuer \u00e0 r\u00e9duire le tabagisme. Une s\u00e9rie d'essais contr\u00f4l\u00e9s randomis\u00e9s a montr\u00e9 que r\u00e9duire la quantit\u00e9 de nicotine dans les cigarettes peut aider les gens \u00e0 arr\u00eater de fumer<\/a> et r\u00e9duire la quantit\u00e9 de fum\u00e9e que les gens fument<\/a> \u2013  m\u00eame pour les gens qui n'ont aucun int\u00e9r\u00eat \u00e0 arr\u00eater<\/a>.  <\/p>\n<\/section>\n\n

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De plus, un 2018 \u00e9tude<\/a> publi\u00e9 dans le Journal de m\u00e9decine de la Nouvelle-Angleterre <\/em>projette que si les niveaux de nicotine dans les cigarettes \u00e9taient r\u00e9duits, d'ici 2060, le taux de tabagisme serait d'environ 1,41 TP3T (par rapport au actuel 15,5%<\/a>) et 2,8 millions de vies seraient sauv\u00e9es gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la r\u00e9duction des maladies li\u00e9es au tabac.  <\/p>\n<\/section>\n\n

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Il est important de nuancer cet optimisme en sachant que dans l'\u00e9tude de 2018, les projections \u00e9taient bas\u00e9es sur seulement les estimations de huit experts sur ce qui se passerait dans le cadre de la proposition politique. N\u00e9anmoins, l\u2019\u00e9tude est encourageante. <\/p>\n<\/section>\n\n

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L'argument le plus puissant en faveur de la d\u00e9cision de la FDA est qu'elle emp\u00eachera les enfants de devenir fumeurs. Si nous r\u00e9duisons suffisamment la nicotine dans les cigarettes, affirment-ils, les enfants ne deviendront jamais d\u00e9pendants. Les impacts th\u00e9oriques sont plus certains pour ce groupe que pour les fumeurs actuels : ils seront moins susceptibles de devenir d\u00e9pendants de la cigarette, bien qu'ils puissent se tourner vers d'autres dispositifs d'administration de nicotine, tels que les cigarettes \u00e9lectroniques. <\/p>\n<\/section>\n\n

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Seul le temps nous dira dans quelle mesure et quand la r\u00e9duction propos\u00e9e des niveaux de nicotine dans les cigarettes portera ses fruits. Mais \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 l\u2019ampleur de l\u2019\u00e9pid\u00e9mie de tabagisme aux \u00c9tats-Unis, c\u2019est une mesure qui m\u00e9rite d\u2019\u00eatre prise. Le tabagisme reste la principale cause de d\u00e9c\u00e8s \u00e9vitable aux \u00c9tats-Unis et dans l'Indiana, plus de 11 000<\/a> Les Hoosiers meurent chaque ann\u00e9e \u00e0 cause du tabagisme. Si la r\u00e8gle propos\u00e9e r\u00e9duit ne serait-ce que l\u00e9g\u00e8rement le taux de tabagisme \u2013 comme c\u2019est probablement le cas, au minimum \u2013 elle contribuera grandement \u00e0 sauver des vies.  <\/p>\n<\/section>\n\n

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Ce blog a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9dig\u00e9 par Emilyn Whitesell, directrice principale de l'apprentissage et de l'\u00e9valuation \u00e0 la Fondation.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/section>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

R\u00e9duire la quantit\u00e9 de nicotine dans les cigarettes pourrait amener certains fumeurs actuels \u00e0 fumer davantage, du moins \u00e0 court terme. Mais il existe \u00e9galement des preuves selon lesquelles la r\u00e9duction de la nicotine dans les cigarettes peut contribuer \u00e0 r\u00e9duire le tabagisme. <\/p>","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":11820,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[108,83,84,86],"class_list":["post-11815","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-health","tag-limit-on-nicotine","tag-richard-m-fairbanks-foundation","tag-rmff","tag-tobacco-use"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nWhy Lowering Nicotine in Cigarettes Could Help Save Hoosier Lives - Richard M. 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